Role of Islamic Scientist Jabir Ibn Hayyan in the Field of Chemistry:-
Written by Wafaullah Channa Gacherai, 3rd year student Bs Chemistry, University of Sindh Jamshoro.
Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan, one of the renowned Chemist of 7th century, was born in 721 A.D in Tusa, Iran. His contributions to the field of chemistry are countless, however, amongst those the chemical processes of various elements, new and unique techniques of dyeing of clothes and leather, preparation of steel and successful laboratory experiments are prominent and also are widely used today in various fields. Not only this, but he also authored almost 1300 books in the field of chemistry. Hence his contributions are widely acknowledged and accepted.
Coming to his contributions in the field of chemistry he explained various chemical processes such as distillation, evaporation and sublimation etc. Distillation, process involving the conversion of a liquid into evaporation that is subsequently back to liquid foran, whereas evaporation is a process by which an element or compound transits from its liquid state to gaseous state. Whereas Sublimation is a process in which solid directly converts into gaseous state without being converted into lligreid form. All these processes are used to remove the impurities from different substances.
In addition to this he also introduced some techniques such as dyeing of clothes and leather, as well as preparation of steel are also associated with this great Islamic scholar. In His inventions and discoveries in the field of chemistry are remarkable-such as her discovered Caustic soda.Not only this he was first to discover nitric acid, hydrochloric acid. However he was first to retrieve the sulphuric acid and termed it as Alzaj oil.
Apart from his physical contributions in the field of chemistry in explaining various chemical processes in the laboratory he has also written a number of various books which are being studied and followed up in most western countries such as Canada , Venezuela , Mexico not only this his written books are being studied and followed up in USA , UK , Singapore and in so many countries.
More than 1300 books are attributed to the name of Jabir ibn Hayyan. Including the topics diverse in nature ranging from music, magic philosophy, logic and metaphysics to chemistry, alchemy, physics medicine, astrology, geography, and astronomy, Names of his famous written books are as "Composition of Alchemy, Al Khawass al-KabAl-Mawazin, Al-Mizaj and Al-Asbagh.
In the end we can say that the personality of Jabir Ibn Hayyan is an exemplary model for whole world. His contributions and services in the field of chemistry cannot be neglected.
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